“Abbott responded in a way that shocked many AIDS activists - the company announced it would withhold seven new drugs from sale in Thailand including a new AIDS drugs and treatments for arthritis and high blood pressure.”It is great to see countries use the very slim rights granted to them by organizations like the WTO but in order for the rights to have any punch, these countries *must* be given the space to make these decisions without the deep intimation and that is exactly what Abbot is up to. To learn more, read the transcript, listen to the show. And if you want to go on, I have pasted the “favorite” part of the show: (more…)
The ruins of the Roman Antonine Baths
After Carthage, we went to Sidi Bou Said, a small touristic town, which had
the peculiarity and beauty of having all windows and doors painted in a
beautiful light blue colour. Our last stop for the day was in Tunis, where we
visited the most amazing medina of the whole week. Unlike the new medina in
Jasmine Hammamet, this one was literally packed with people going up and down
the maze of very narrow streets. Every few metres you'd come across a new,
attractive smell coming from the few salons de th or spice, leather
or perfume shops. Here we finally started developing our haggling skills, and
managed to get a few items for reasonable amounts.
Streets of Sidi Bou Said
Back at our hotel, everyone tried to get a quick dinner and go early to
bed, as next morning we were taking a bus for our trip around the South. There
was time to call yet another time to the Airport, to find out that one of the
luggage pieces had been found. While there was no news about my suitcase, we
shared a taxi to the airport to pick the found suitcase, and see if mine was
actually there by any chance. Unluckily, it wasn't, so I wouldn't have any
clothes for the desert visit. Some people in the group were kind enough to
lend me some t-shirts and pants. For my underwear, I actually resorted to using
some of Bel n's (no kidding, it was way too sexy :P), while mine dried up
after some manual washing.
The alarm clock went off at 5:15 or so, and soon after we were ready in the
hall with our small bags. When the bus was ready to pick us up, the guide
said we weren't allowed in, as we weren't on the list. WTF? We were nearly the
first ones to book and pay for it! So he finally let us in, for a short while,
until he realised there was no space for everyone, so he demanded that we
got off. Of course, we didn't, and a long and very disgusting argument started
between the guide, us and a few people who had seen us pay for our trip, and
were trying to support us. To make a long story short, we ended up stepping
down when I noticed the bus driver calling the police, and after Rejeb, our
guide, told us the other bus would be waiting for us at the travel agency if
we quickly took a taxi there. We of course knew that was a fantasy to get the
bus moving, but dealing with the police at 6:30AM wasn't on my list of
activities for the day, so we finally gave up to let the rest of the people
get in time to their visits, as they were very tightly scheduled to make
everything fit in two days.
Nobody was waiting for us at the travel agency, but we were promised our
money back, which did happen in the evening; our plans for Thursday and Friday
were a bit broken though, and the rest of the morning was spent looking for
alternatives. When we had managed to book a new trip in a different agency for
Saturday, we took the bus to Nabeul, the capital of the province, well known
for their medina specialised in pottery.
In Nabeul, we lived a tourist trap which I found to be quite original. Not
having walked 3 metres into the city walls, some young dude stops us and tells
us that he knows us, as he works in the restaurant of our hotel . I totally
didn't remember his face at all, but why not? So he quickly tells us Nabeul
has good carpet workshops, and her sister is working in one which is regulated
by the Government, and you can only visit two days a week. Coincidentally,
Thursday is one of them! So he literally grabs us by the arm and takes us to
one of the streets perpendicular to the main market street, and we enter a
carpet shop. To the right, his sister probably being like 45 years
older, is knitting a nice carpet on the loom. And a few seconds after, we're
taken upstairs, where a Teletienda show starts before us. Without being
asked if we want to buy a carpet, some other dude starts to unroll carpets
and more carpets before us, talking in some very basic Spanish. While we're
offered jasmine tea, which is really nice, Ali the brother quickly excuses
himself and vanishes, leaving us with the salesman, which continues unrolling
more and more before us, now helped by someone else. When 10 minutes later
we convince them that we won't buy any carpet, he asks a donative for his
young employee, who has unrolled and will now roll back a zillion carpets.
Back in the hotel, we have dinner with a pair of Catalans from our flight,
and when we tell us about the carpet place, they tell us they went over the
same story like one hour before us!
On Friday, we got some advice on other places to visit, and decided to go
up to Cape Bon and visit Kerkuan, the only important remainings of a
Punic city which, when conquered by the Romans, was destroyed to the
grounds, but not rebuilt on top (they were busy with Carthage). Romans did an
excellent job when destroying cities, and the result is a site which still
lets you see perfectly how a small town (around 1,500) looked like 2,000 years
ago.
Ruins of a Kerkuan neighbourhood, with their red bathrooms nearly intact
To reach Kerkuan we had taken the bus up to Nabeul and then our
first luagge to Kelibia, where we took a taxi (after no less than
half an hour arguing in French with the taxi driver to settle on a rate for
a ride to Kerkuan and then to the tip of the Cape in El Haouaria. Luagges
are undoubtedly the best way to travel medium distances for very little money,
while getting mixed with locals. During our ride up North, we chatted with
a nursing student from Kelibia who was going back to her town for the weekend.
She was really open, like most of the people we found in Tunisia, and we ended
up exchanging our post addresses; we still need to send her a postcard from
Val ncia soonish. This area wasn't so touristic, so the roads, while totally
acceptable, weren't as good as the highway from Tunis to Sfax we were
used to.
We had seen some bits of the local driving skills , but the luagge driver
performed some of the most extreme overtakings I've ever seen. These happened
every three of four minutes, so after a while I was actually amused about
what was going on. We would overtake two lorries on one go when there was
absolutely no visibility; if things went too far, people would just slow down
to let the overtaker get back into his lane on time, and those coming ahead
would just use their headlamps to make them know it was just a bit too
close.
The taxi driver, annoyed at us, took us to Kerkuan but didn't wait for us;
he immediately left, leaving us without any transportation in the middle of
nowhere. After a visit at the site, we walked around 2.5 kilometres back to
the main road, where we decided it was too late and risky to continue the
journey up to El Haouaria, so we waited on the road gutter for a taxi. The
first one which stopped was, to our surprise, the same bastard who left us
one hour before, who stopped, laughing at us a little. Luckily some other
taxi came by in the correct direction, and soon forgot about that man.
After a taxi, luagge and bus ride, we were back in Hammamet, and the
desert group had already got back from the two day trip. We were asked over
and over what happened, what did we do, etc. People who hadn't talked to us
before would come over and see; we were really surprised about the warm
welcome we had. After dinner, we improvised a customes party, and many people
managed to dress up in Tunisian/arabic fashions using bed sheets and so on. We
had to wake up at 5AM next morning, but didn't go to bed until 2AM.
Nothing could go wrong this time. We had our tickets, we had confirmed we
would be going on Sunday the night before, so at 6:15, our new guide came in,
and came straight towards me. He said something in German, and after I told
him I spoke absolutely no German, he said huh, well you know the bus is full
of Germans, and my indications will be in German? . Pretty incredible, but
again a fuckup by the agency. My ticket said, clearly: Sahara safari. Bus +
4x4. (ALL)
. Turns out ALL meant Allemand, not everything included ,
although we had requested English pretty clearly. This was quite a minor
problem though, after having no clothes for a whole week and having been left
behind two days before.
I think we were really lucky getting that German group, though. We were
only 16 people on the minibus, making the stops a lot faster than the normal
ones, where 55 persons need to get out and in of the bus. We had our own
Routard guide for Tunisia, so we could read about the places we were
about to visit before getting ther. Also, I surprisingly knew much of what
our guide was talking about, just missing the details he talked about oil
production in Tunisia compared to Spain's, among other topics . When the
landscape was becoming drier and drier, Bel n and I spotted something dark far
away ahead in the completely straight road. As it became bigger, I started
thinking it might be the #1 place to visit for me in Tunisia: El Djem's
impressive Roman amphitheatre.
When we got off the bus, I was totally excited. Before me, the walls of
an incredibly well preserved, huge Roman building; in fact, the best Roman
ruins in the whole continent. El Djem's amphitheatre was the third biggest
of the Roman empire with 35,000 seats, only surpased by Rome's and Capua's.
It remained mostly intact until the 17th century, when some of its stones
were used to build the city and some of the treasures taken to the
Great Mosque of Kairouan, but when it took more damage was during two
consequent wars, when the Turks didn't have many problems to blow part of
the wall away using cannons to end up a siege of the city.
The Roman amphitheatre of El Djem
The underground tunnels are intact, and it's difficult to not have
flashes of Gladiator while
walking under the arena's trapdoors. Sadly, there was little time to spend
there, and we had to continue the journey after just 45 minutes. I would have
spent half of the day there.
From here, the landscape truly started to get drier and more desertic.
The south of Tunisia is a giant olive field, until you reach the Great
South, where it's dry enough that the only thing that grows in the
land are rocks. Hours later we arrived in Matm ta, the very famous
troglodyte village of small holes in the ground. Although I was
curious about being there, watching how organised and massive tourism has
destroyed these Berber's ways of life dissapointed me greatly. Our guide
stopped the bus in one of the pits, which was decorated with white and
light blue. In the first room, an old woman was grinding something in a
small, stone mill. The dwellers of the few pits still used by their
original inhabitants now make a living by letting people into their homes
and getting dinar as a payment for taking photographs. What the woman was
doing was just a bit of theatre, part of the show. After this first room, we
got into the middle of the pit, which had a series of other passages to some
rooms, some of which were simply open so we could get in and have a look.
I felt a little bit like violating someone's privacy, and wondered how much
the house had changed in the last years.
Inside a troglodyte underground house in Matm ta
After our visit, we continued up the mountains of Matm ta, and after
going by a giant "WELCOME TO MATMATA" sign drawn in white in the middle of
a mountain, Hollywood style (!), we stopped for a brief photo-stop
(sic). Indeed, the view was quite impressive, and is universally famous as
one of the filming spots of Tatoonie scenes in
Star Wars: A New Hope.
Speaking of famous places, a few minutes later we stopped at the top of one
of the hills, were we'd have lunch in the Hotel Sidi Driss, a place of
pilgrimage for Star Wars fans, as it was the troglodyte pit which served
as the Skywalker's home. The place is full of references to the film saga,
and one of the open pits is full of set pieces stuck into the walls. We were
served couscous, which wasn't bad, but was cooked and served in the most
genuine fast-food fashion. Everyone there gets couscous to eat, apparently,
and it's the same in many other touristic places in the area.
Matm ta's lunar landscape
From here, our journey headed straight West, in the middle of the
rocky desert, until after some time, you could start to see lines of palm tree
branches planted here and there, a sign that rocks would soon disappear, being
replaced by sand and dunes. As when we were approaching El Djem, at some
point a huge, dark spot appeared on the horizon.
Douz, probably named after some 12th French batallion which stayed there,
is a small town in the very limit of the Sahara desert, built right next
to a huge oasis, exclusively dedicated to palm tree plantations, making dates
production a big source of income, along with, of course tourism. The travel
agencies use Douz as the starting point for several-day trips into the
desert, camel rides and stuff like this. Our guide offered us getting a camel
and carriage ride in Tozeus for 20 dinar, but Bel n and I declined. He didn't
seem to be too happy about it, and had no problem commenting this in German
and Arab with the driver (Spanisch and Spanien were clear
to me). We learned that the agency (or the guide) makes around 3 Dinar for
everyone who contracts the camel rides, after speaking to one native young
kid who worked in the camel place. While our German trip mates got dressed
in berber fashion, we opted to walk into the desert and play around in the
sand on our own. I discovered a few desert insects which were unlike anything
I've seen anywhere, and their diminute trails were all over the dunes.
Looking West, the view was astonishing, with only thousands of kilometres of
yellow dunes ahead us.
The evening sun over the dunes
After they came back, we were taken to our hotel, which was really
impressive. After leaving our stuff in our room, we headed back to the
desert, which was like 300 metres away, to see the sunset over the Great
Dune . There's a street which literally serves as the frontier between the
rocky ground and the sand desert. From there, you could see many lines of
palm tree branches, which are planted by locals in a futile attempt to stop
the inexorable advance of the desert. Women in Douz and other towns in the
desert limit spend their days sweeping the entrances to their homes, as sand
gets in really fast. A small village next to Douz even had to be abandoned and
rebuilt in some other place, with the old one being finally devoured by the
dunes.
When it got dark, we still had some time to kill before dinner, and we
discovered a hammam in our hotel. I got in, and saw there was a bored young
man inside. He informed us about the prices, and after some short deliberation,
we realised we'd spent half of the camel money in some Arab relaxation; while
I got a really cool massage, Bel n enjoyed a Turkish bath. I spoke to the
guy for a while, and he said not that many people used that hammam. He actually
handed the list of services since 2002, which easily fitted in one piece of
paper. People don't know what they are missing; he explained that most of the
hotel's clients just showed no interest in the baths. I wonder how
Fins or Norwegians would react, given their sauna culture. The dinner and
breakfast in that hotel was absolutely awesome, and I actually ate too much
to have an easy sleep.
Next morning we had to be ready at 5:30. That's pushing my limits. The bus
started crossing the Chott Jerid when it was still quite dark. The
chotts are dry, salt lakes in the middle of the desert, which during
some seasons do get some water, sometimes from the underground. The Chott
Jerid is the biggest of the three chotts in the area, and the views are
fantastic. It's like a giant, totally flat muddy sea which reflects light
creating dangerous mirages of oasis-like dark patterns. Before the
construction of the recent road that links Douz and Tozeur, crossing the
chott was so risky that many people died in the attempt. We had the unique
opportunity to see the sun rise over the salty horizon.
Sunrise at the Chott Jerid
Again, on our way to Tozeur, we were offered a carriage ride for ten dinar,
and again we declined. The guide then asked us if we had no money or what.
So in Tozeur we basically wanted to walk around the oasis fields, and ended
up talking most of the time with some old man who sold drums and desert
roses.
On a 4x4, we went up North to Chebika, a really cool town with a small
oasis of thermal water, which I guess was around 40 C. The short walk to
the wall where the oasis surfaced was packed with children who insistently
begged for money or offered necklaces and other items. It was difficult to
make them understand you didn't want anything. We then went up the mountain
behind Chebika through a road which had its own piece of history. It seems
that during WWII, Rommel suffered an Allied siege in Chebika, with a range
of mountains behind their backs. The Allies gave him one month to surrender,
and he took his time to answer. During that time, he ordered his engineers to
design and build a road which would let them escape Chebika through the
steep mountains, and they managed. When the ultimatum expired, the Allies
apparently found out Chebika had been abandoned by the Germans, including
tanks and most of their equipment. So, on the way up, a few kilometres away
from the Algerian border, there was another typical visit to the biggest
oasis waterfall in Tunisia, which was several metres high.
The oasis at Chebika
Our Sahara trip would soon end, and after lunch we headed Northeast on
our way to Hammamet. On our way back, we stopped in Kairouan, one of the
key Islam pilgrimace spots, with the Great Mosque as the biggest attraction.
Unluckily, as we arrived after lunch, we didn't had a chance to see it.
Apparently it is really impressive. We haggled a bit for a pair of
babouches and a small leather couch in the medina.
We came back to our hotel around 7, and found most of the people around
the hall. After the obligatory update on how it went, we went to bed
as we were exhausted, and of course we had to get up really early to
head to the airport. The airport was at that early time of the morning a
total chaos, and while people stood in the checkin lines, I tried to find
out what was going on with my still lost luggage.
I went back to the lost luggage window, which would be closed for 5 more
minutes. When they finally opened, they told me once again they had no clue
about what was going on with my luggage. I finally understood they had
no clue: my tracking number wasn't in their database. I asked
them if I could have a look at the unreclaimed luggage storage room. They
kindly opened a small door for me, and invited me to go inside and have a look.
The view was gross: hundreds of lost bags all over the place. As I was in a
bit of a hurry (I actually had to get back to Barcelona), I asked him where
to find the bags of one week ago, and he nearly bursted into laugher. Okay,
I had to look all over the place, scanning every piece of luggage in an
attempt to spot mine. There were bags of absolutely every type in there.
In one of the corridors, I sensed a disgusting smell, and figured out some
poor guy may have food or something in one of their lost bags, which was
rotting in that horrible room. So wrong: soon after I found myself nearly
stepping on a puddle of shit, as if someone had literally dumped it right
there. Oh my... luckily my search was nearly over and unsuccessful, and I
got back to Barcelona with the hope of finding my bag in El Prat. After looking
in their two storage rooms I realised I'd probably not see the luggage again,
which is a real pain in the ass.
A few hours of train later we were back in Val ncia, with a feeling of
having spent 3 or 4 weeks in Tunisia, not just 8 days. Really a great place
to visit, not only for their cultural treasures, both current and ancient, but
for the openness of their people. I hope I'll be back at some point!
I would argue that a multiple conception of structures would make subjects cultural creativity easier to explain. If the cultural structures by which subjectivities are formed are multiple, then so are the subjectivities… Because persons, symbols, and objects of cultural reference overlap between structural realms, structurally generated rules, emotions, categories, and senses of self can potentially be transposed from one situation to another. Indeed, if actors commonly have the experience of negotiating and renegotiating the relationships between noncongruent cultural structures, it follows they should have some intellectual distance on the structural categories themselves, that they should be able to view one set of cultural categories from the point of view of others that are differently organized, to compare and critizise categories and categorical logics, to work out ways of harmonization or odering the seemingly contradictory demands of different cultural schemes. A multiple conception of structure, consequently makes human creativity and reflection an integral element in the theory of history, not a philosophically prior metaphysical assumption. p. 213And here is a more engaged review that is a little more critical than my very short comments. As part of a reading group organized by my tireless supervisor, I am also reading The Cultural Locations of Disability written by two of the most prolific scholars in the field, Sharon Snyder and David Mitchell. Since I am a novice in field it is hard for me to judge the two chapters we have so far read but it is a total total total treat reading a book slowly with a group of other folks from a vast range of departments. So far I appreciate the larger arguments presented in the introduction. For example, they point to two broad categories—capitalism and modernity/enlightenment– as driving forces in a new wave of obsession with the disabled. So while capitalism’s insistence on measuring the worth of humans through an abstract and actual ability to labor, marginalizes those who cannot offer their constant labor power (and makes them an “odd” cultural object), modernity–in its desire to march forward to the mysterious plane of progress, offers a technological promise to eradicate what it designates as deviant or primitive. As they nicely sum up: In a culture that endlessly assures itself that it is on the verge of conquering Nature once and for all, along with its own primitive instincts and the persistent domains of have-nots, disability is referenced with respect to these idealized visions. As a vector of human variability, disabled bodies both represent a throwback to human prehistory and serve as the barometer of a future without deviancy. p. 31 I, think, however, they should have also included some discussion of liberalism, which in many ways, was the legal and philosophical engine that helped to naturalize capitalism not to mention it also offered a vision of person, in which self-development, expression, and discrete autonomy was deeply cherished. Seen in this liberal light, disability becomes also a type of tragedy that can be resolved though new technological interventions they discuss under the guise of modernity. I have just started Michelle Murphy’s Sick Building Syndrome and the Problem of Uncertainty: Environmental Politics, Technoscience, and Women Workers, which promises to be quite a tour de force into the contentious politics of uncertainty and the play of perceptibility and imperceptibility that surround one of many many syndromes sick building syndrome that now are part and parcel of the medical and patient advocacy field. Along with this I read and finished Andrew Lakoff’s Pharmaceutical Reason: Knowledge and Value in Global Psychiatry, which will make for great teaching, and has one of the nicest discussions on the way in which psychiatry’s insecure status among the other medical science was one of the driving forces toward embracing the new scientism of the 1980s that coincided with new more general neoliberal trends. Another nice move about the ethnography is that he was able to clarify some of the trends and rationalities of American and European psychiatry by examining how it was received and resisted among more psychoanalytical Argentinian therapists. Very classicial anthropological lens in that sesne. Finally I am in the middle of Play Money: Or, How I Quit My Day Job and Made Millions Trading Virtual Loop and I will say more about it when I am done, which should be soon as I am tearing through it evern night. I have been waiting for this book for a long while now because Dibbell is part of that trinity (Steven Levy, Bruce Sterling, Julian Dibbell) that offers some of the best writing on hackers, the internet, and virtual worlds. And this book continues in that tradition of providing a fantastic read, a vivid ethnographic picture of the topic at hand, along with key insights into the nature of economies, money, and plau within (and outside of) virtual landscapes. What I respect about Julian Dibbell is that he took a long time to get this book out. He started the research in 2003 and then spent a few years writing up. I think there is a lot of pressure to get any material or book on “virtual whatever” out there as quick as possible but for the most part I think that is a mistake. You need to let these things brew a long while or else they won’t acquire that taste of a finished product.
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